Bleeding Gums

Common Causes of Bleeding Gums

Bleeding gums are often the first sign that something needs attention. While occasional bleeding during brushing may seem minor, persistent bleeding should not be ignored. Common causes include:

• Gingivitis (early-stage gum disease) from plaque buildup
• Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush
• Starting a new flossing routine
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty, menopause)
• Blood-thinning medications
• Vitamin K or C deficiency
• Tobacco use
• Poorly fitting dentures or dental appliances

Canker Sores and Mouth Ulcers

Canker sores (aphthous ulcers) are small, shallow sores that develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums. They typically have a whitish center with red edges.

The exact cause is not fully understood, but they may be triggered by bacterial or viral infections, stress, or autoimmune disorders. Most canker sores go away on their own within a week or two. If you have sores that are unusually large, painful, or keep coming back, contact us for an evaluation.

Tobacco and Gum Disease

People who use tobacco products are far more likely to develop gum disease. Tobacco use in any form - cigarettes, chewing tobacco, or pipes - damages gum tissue and weakens the attachment of your teeth to the bone.

Smoking also reduces blood flow to the gums, slowing healing and masking early signs of gum disease by reducing bleeding. This means the disease can progress further before you notice a problem.

If you use tobacco and are experiencing gum problems, the single best thing you can do for your oral health is to quit. Talk to your dentist about resources that can help.

Hormonal Changes and Gum Health

Hormonal fluctuations throughout life can significantly affect your gums:

Chemotherapy and Your Mouth

Chemotherapy can affect the cells lining your mouth, leading to stomatitis - painful sores and inflammation that can make it difficult to eat, talk, and swallow.

If you are undergoing chemotherapy, maintain regular dental visits. Your dentist can help manage oral side effects and recommend gentle care routines to keep your mouth comfortable during treatment.

When to See a Dentist

Schedule an appointment if you experience:

• Gums that bleed regularly during brushing or flossing
• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Gums that are pulling away from your teeth
• Persistent bad breath or bad taste in your mouth
• Loose teeth or changes in how your teeth fit together
• Mouth sores that don't heal within two weeks

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